Types of clutches | Working of different Types of clutches | Advantage | Automobile Clutch types
first of all to know about the clutch and top 9 types of clutches and their working a clutch plate or it's advantage.In Diploma or engineering student of mechanical engineering or automobile field,this is also must to know about clutch plate Types or car Clutch types .Here I will only share this knowledge to everyone of how different types of clutches are works their functions.
What is mean by clutch ?
Answer: A clutch is defined by a mechanical device which engages or disengages power transmission especially from driving shaft to driven shaft.
a Car Clutch is important device which engages and disengage of driven and driver member in automobile car Clutch system etc. This is used of different types of clutch whenever requirement.The dry single plate type of friction clutch is almost used in American passenger cars.
Power transmission of clutch depends upon
Coefficient of friction of Clutch lining .
Axial spring force.
Radius of friction lining.
Types of clutches or classification of clutches or types of clutch:
Following different types of clutches or classification of clutches,
Friction Clutch
Single plate clutch
Multiplate Clutch
Dry Clutch
Wet Clutch
Cone clutch
Semi centrifugal Clutch
Centrifugal Clutch
Diaphragm Clutch
Positive clutch
Electromagnetic clutch
Hydraulic clutch
Vaccum Clutch
Overrunning clutch or free unit
Friction Clutch types :
Introduction Friction clutch:
The most of the automobile or cars that are used some basic friction clutch.In automotive clutches or cars Clutch that's have mainly normal components, which peoples or students who prepared for engineering must to know or heard before as days.
A friction clutch can be used in automobile or cars for engaging and disengaging transmission and flywheel. It is operated through a cable (mechanical cable) that consists of a clutch plate, a pressure plate, and a release bearing.
Friction Clutch: It is categorized into two parts.
These are as follows:
1.Single Plate Clutch
2.Multi Plate Clutch
A. Single plate clutch
SIngle plate Clutch is most common type of clutch used in automobile or car vehicle. This is a frictional clutch. In single plate clutch type of clutch, power is transmitted by means of friction between the contact surface, that's why it's called clutch plates.
Clutch plates has both surface side friction lining (frictional surface) material used for friction when Clutch is come in contact each other there is no slipping. These surface plate have high co-efficient of friction.
B.Multiplate clutch :
Multi-plate Clutch working | principal | function
The multi-plate clutch is shown in the figure. This type of clutch uses several clutches to make frictionless contact with the engine flywheel. It makes the power transmitted between the engine shaft and the transmission shaft of a vehicle. The number of clutches means more friction surfaces.
The increased number of friction surfaces also increases the ability of the clutch to transmit torque. Clutch plates are fitted on the engine shaft and gearbox shaft.
Multiplier Clutch: Clutch Type
They are pressurized by coil springs and assembled into a drum. Each of the alternating plates slides into the grooves on the flywheel and the other slides into the grooves on the pressure plate. Therefore, each separate plate has an inner and outer plank.Multi-plate Clutch working | principal | function
The working principle of a multiple clutch is similar to the function of a single-plate clutch. Many clutches are used to transmit high torque in heavy commercial vehicles, racing cars and motorcycles.
In many clutches the two letters are dry and wet. When the Clutch is operated in an oil bath, it is known as a wet clutch. If the clutch is dried without oil, it is known as a dry clutch. Wet clutches are commonly used with or in connection with an automatic transmission.C.Cone clutch:
Cone Clutch working | principal | function
The diagram of a cone clutch is shown below please see. It consists of friction surfaces in the form of cones. This type of clutch used two conical surfaces to transmitted for torque by friction. There are two cone in this type of clutch in shaft such as a female cone and a male cone. The male cone is mounted on the split clutch shaft to slide over it. It is a frictionless surface on the conical part.
Cone clutch
The friction surface of the male cone is in contact with the female cone when the clutch is engaged due to the force of the spring. When the clutch pedal is pressed, the male cone slides towards the spring force and the clutch is dissected.
Force on a cone clutch
The main advantage of using a cone clutch is that the normal force acting on the friction surface is greater than the axial force compared to the single-plate clutch. That is why the normal force acting on the friction surface is equal to the axial force.
Cone clutches are basically getting old due to some damage.
Explain that the angle of the cone is smaller than 20 °, the male cone is tied into the female cone and the clutch is difficult to destroy.
A small amount of wear on the cone surfaces leads to a considerable amount of axial movement of the male cone, for which it would be difficult to allow.2.Centrifugal clutch:
The figure below shows a centrifugal clutch. The centrifugal clutch uses centrifugal force instead of spring force to keep the clutches in a busy position. In this type of clutch, the clutch operates automatically depending on the engine speed. Therefore the clutch pedal is not required to operate the clutch.
Centrifugal Clutch working | principal | function
This made it so easy for the driver to stop the vehicle in any gear without engine. Similarly, you can start the vehicle in any gear by pressing the accelerator pedal.
Working of centrifugal clutch
It has a weight of one in B.
When the engine speed increases the weight flies due to the centrifugal force, bell crank levels conduct, which pressurizes the plate c.
The motion of plate C presses spring E, which eventually presses clutch plate D onto the flywheel plate against spring G.
This keeps the clutch busy.
The Spring G disengages the clutch at low speeds at around 500rpm.
Stop H limits the speed of weight due to centrifugals.
Semi-centrifugal clutch
The semi-centrifugal clutch uses the centrifugal force as well as the spring force to hold it in place. The figure shows a semi-centrifugal clutch. This includes levers, clutch springs, pressure plates, friction linings, flywheels, and clutch plates.
Construction of semi-centrifugal clutch:
A semi-centrifugal clutch consists of levers and clutch springs that are evenly arranged on the pressure plate. The clutch springs are designed to transmit torque at normal engine speeds. While centrifugal force helps in torque transmission at high engine speeds.
Semi-centrifugal clutch
At normal engine speeds, when the power transmission is low, the springs engage the clutch, with no pressure on the pressure plate on the loaded lever.
At high engine speeds when the power transmission is high, the weight flies and also puts pressure on the lever plate, keeping the clutch firmly attached.
This type of clutch has less rigid springs, so that there is no stress to the driver during the operation of the clutch. When the speed of the vehicle decreases, the weight drops and the lever does not exert any pressure on the pressure plate.
Only the spring pressure is applied to the pressure plate which is sufficient to keep the clutch busy. An adjustment screw is fitted at the end of the lever, through which the centrifugal force on the pressure plate can be adjusted.Diaphragm clutch: Diphragram Clutch working | principal | function
The diaphragm clutch has a diaphragm on the conical spring that produces pressure on the pressure plate to invert the clutch. The spring can be the finger or crown type that is attached on the pressure plate.
The tapered finger type spring is shown in the figure. In this type of clutches, engine power is transmitted from the crankshaft to the flywheel. The flywheel has a friction lining and is attached to the clutch as shown in the figure. The pressure plate is placed behind the clutch plate as the pressure plate applies pressure to the clutch plate.Diphragram Clutch working | principal | function
In the diaphragm clutch, the diaphragm is a conical shape of the spring. When we press the clutch pedal the external bearing moves towards the flywheel which presses the diaphragm spring which pushes the pressure plate backwards.
Doing so removes pressure on the plate and will dissolve the clutch. When we release the pressure on the clutch pedal the pressure plate and diaphragm spring will return to their normal position and the clutch will be engaged.
This type of clutches has no release lever because the spring acts as a series of levers.
The driver does not need to apply such heavy pedal pressure to hold the cluttered clutch with the coil spring type in which the spring pressure is increased when depressed to dislodge the pedal clutch.
Dog and Coup
A dog is a type of clutch that is used to lock two shafts together or to connect gears and shafts. The clutch has two parts, one is the dog clutch which has outer teeth and the other is a sliding sleeve which has internal teeth.
Dog and Spline Clutch
Both shafts are designed in such a way that each other will rotate at the same speed and will never slip. When two shafts are connected you can say that the clutch is attached. To destroy the clutch, the sliding sleeve goes back to the shifted shaft, so that there is no contact with the driving shaft.
Dog and splatter clutches are mostly used to lock various gears in manual transmission vehicles.Electromagnetic clutch: Electromagnetic Clutch working | principal | function
These types of clutches are electrically operated but are mechanically transmitted. This is why this type of clutch is known as electro-mechanical clutch. During the year, it now became an electromagnetic clutch.
These clutches have no mechanical connection to control their engagement as to why it provides fast and smooth operation.Electromagnetic clutches are best suited for a remote operation which means that you can operate the clutch at a distance.
Electromagnetic clutch:
The clutch consists of a flywheel that has curves. Power is supplied by the battery. When electricity passes through the winding, it produces an electromagnetic field which attracts a pressure plate. The clutch is switched off when the power supply is turned off.
In this clutch system, the gear lever has a clutch release switch, which means that when the driver operates the gear lever to change gears, the switch is driven from the current supply to the winding, causing clutch disengagement. goes.Vacuum clutch : Vaccum Clutch working | principal | function
The figure shows the vacuum clutch mechanism. This type of clutch uses the vacuum present in the engine to operate the clutch. The main component clutch of a reservoir, non-return valve, vacuum cylinder with piston and solenoid valve.
Construction and working of vaccum Clutch:
As the figure shows, the reservoir is connected to the inlet manifold via a non-return valve. A vacuum cylinder is connected to a reservoir through a solenoid-operated valve. The solenoid is powered by a battery and the circuit has a switch that is connected on the gear lever. The switch operates when the driver changes gears by holding the gear lever.
Let's see how this works. When the throttle is opened, the pressure in the inlet increases causing the non-return valve's valve to close. This separates the reservoir and thus many times a vacuum is present in the reservoir.
In normal operation, the solenoid valve is in the lower position of the rod valve as shown in the figure and the switch in the gear lever remains open. At this stage, atmospheric pressure acts on either side of the vacuum cylinder's piston, as the vacuum cylinder is open to the atmosphere through the vent.
The switch closes when the driver changes the gear by holding the gear lever. The solenoid energizes and pulls the valve up. It connects one side of the vacuum cylinder to the reservoir. Basically some action is required to opens the passage between the vacuum cylinder and the reservoir. Due to the pressure difference, the vacuum cylinder piston moves back and forth.
This piston movement is transferred by a linkage from the clutch, causing it to disintegrate. When the driver is not operating the gear lever, the switch is open due to the force of the clutch springs engaged.Hydraulic clutch : Hydraulic Clutch working | principal | function
Hydraulic clutch working operation is similar to vacuum clutch. The main difference between these two is that the hydraulic clutch is operated by oil pressure while the vacuum clutch is driven by vacuum.
The figure shows the mechanism of hydraulic clutch. It has fewer parts than other clutches. It consists of an accumulator, control valve, cylinder with piston, pump and a reservoir.
Hydraulic clutch diagram are shown below,
Functions of hydraulic clutch:
The oil reservoir pumps the oil into the accumulator through a pump. The pump is driven by the engine itself. The accumulator is connected to the cylinder through a control valve. The controlled valve is controlled by a switch that is connected to the gear lever. The piston is connected to the clutch by a linkage mechanism.
When the driver holds the gear lever to change gears, the switch opens the control valve that allows oil to pressure the cylinder. Due to the oil pressure, the piston moves forward and backwards thus displacing the clutch.
When the driver drops the gear lever the switch is open which closes the control valve and the clutch will turn on.
Freewheel unit
Freewheel unit clutch is also known as spring clutch, overrunning clutch or one-way clutch. This is the most important part of every overdrive. The transmission of power takes place in the same direction as a bicycle. The freewheel unit is often placed behind the gearbox.
Driving the output shaft transmits power from the main shaft to the output shaft when the graphic gears are in overdrive. A flywheel unit has a hub and an outer race. The hub has an internal spine to connect to the transmission main shaft.
Freewheel unit
The outer surface of the hub has 12 cams, so is designed to hold 12 rollers in a cage between them and the outer race. The outer race is split to overdrive the outer shaft.
doing work:
When the hub operates clockwise, as shown in the figure. The roller rides the cams, and by their action, they force the outer race to follow the hub. Thus the outer race runs in the same direction and at the same speed as the hub.
When the hub speed slows down, and the outer race is still moving faster than the hub, the rollers move down the cam, releasing the outer race from the hub. Thus the outer race runs independent of the hub and the unit acts as roller bearings.
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